Why is my internet speed slower than advertised?

The frustration of experiencing slower-than-advertised internet speeds is common. Many users encounter lags, buffering, or delays despite paying for high-speed internet plans. This article delves into the natural and hardware-related causes behind slow internet speeds and offers practical solutions to address them.

Reasons behind slow internet speed 

Hardware-related issues 

1. Router inefficiencies and age 
   
   Routers, like all electronic devices, degrade over time. Older models may lack the capabilities to handle high-speed connections effectively, especially if they don’t support the latest Wi-Fi standards (like Wi-Fi 6, 6e or 7). Additionally, outdated firmware can limit your router’s performance. Upgrading to a modern router can not only enhances speed but can also improve security and compatibility with newer devices. For instance, newer routers often include better Quality of Service (QoS) controls, which allow you to prioritise specific devices or applications for faster speeds. 

2. Network adapter limitations 
   
   The network adapter in your device plays a crucial role in determining your internet speed. Older or lower-quality adapters might not support the full speed of your connection, creating a bottleneck. For instance, a device with a 2.4 GHz-only adapter will struggle with high-speed 5 GHz networks. To resolve this, you can upgrade your network adapter to one that supports dual-band or tri-band connectivity, ensuring compatibility with modern routers. 

3. Ethernet port specifications 
   
   Ethernet ports on routers, modems, and computers vary in their capabilities. Some older devices may only support speeds of 100Mbps, even if your internet plan offers higher speeds. Using Gigabit Ethernet ports ensures your hardware doesn’t limit your internet speed. Additionally, high-quality Ethernet cables, such as Cat 6 or Cat 7, can maximise speed and minimise interference. 

4. Wi-Fi hardware quality 
   
   Low-quality Wi-Fi hardware, such as antennas or extenders, can result in reduced speed and connectivity issues. Signal strength diminishes with subpar equipment or improper placement. Investing in mesh Wi-Fi systems can significantly improve coverage in larger homes. For example, mesh systems like Google Nest Wi-Fi or eero can eliminate dead zones and ensure consistent speeds throughout your home. 

Network and connection factors 

1. Connection type variations 
   
   Different types of internet connections, such as fibre, DSL, and wireless, come with varying speed capacities. Fibre connections generally offer the highest speeds, while DSL and wireless options can lag behind. Fibre optic technology is also more stable and less susceptible to environmental factors compared to traditional copper-based connections. Choosing the right connection type for your needs is crucial—for instance, heavy streamers and gamers may benefit greatly from fibre connections. 

2. Network congestion 
   
   Peak usage times, when many users are online simultaneously, can cause network congestion which can result in lower speeds and delays. This issue is especially prevalent in densely populated areas or shared networks. Even with high-speed internet plans, congestion can lead to noticeable slowdowns. Streaming services like Netflix or YouTube often adjust video quality during such periods, which can affect your viewing experience.

3. Wi-Fi signal interference 
   
   Physical obstructions, like walls, furniture, and appliances, can interfere with Wi-Fi signals. Additionally, interference from other devices, such as cordless phones or microwaves, can degrade your connection. Adjusting your router’s channel settings can help mitigate this issue. Modern routers often have automatic channel selection to avoid crowded frequencies, ensuring better performance. 

4. Distance from router 
   
   The farther you are from your router, the weaker the signal strength becomes, leading to slower speeds. This is especially true for devices on different floors or in large homes. Using Wi-Fi extenders or relocating your router to a central position can address this problem. Positioning your router on a higher surface, like a shelf, can also improve coverage. 

Device and software complications  

1. Background applications consuming bandwidth 
   
   Applications running in the background, such as cloud backups, software updates, or video streaming, can consume significant bandwidth and slow down your connection. Monitoring your network usage can help identify and control these bandwidth-hungry applications. Tools like Task Manager (on Windows) or Activity Monitor (on macOS) can show which applications are consuming the most resources. 

2. Browser settings and extensions 
   
   Browser settings, cached data, and excessive extensions can affect browsing speed. Outdated browsers may also struggle to load modern web pages efficiently. Clearing your browser’s cache and turning off unnecessary extensions can improve performance. For an optimised browsing experience, consider using lightweight browsers like Mozilla Firefox or Google Chrome.  

3. Malware and virus impact 
   
   Malware and viruses can significantly slow down your internet by consuming resources or manipulating your connection. Regularly updating your antivirus software and practising safe browsing habits are essential to maintaining a fast and secure internet connection. Consider using tools like Malwarebytes or Norton to scan for potential threats. 

4. Number of connected devices 
   
   The more devices connected to your network, the more bandwidth is divided, potentially reducing speed for each device. Smart home devices, gaming consoles, and streaming services can add up quickly, straining your network. Implementing parental controls or setting device priorities in your router settings can help manage network traffic effectively. 

Internet Service Provider (ISP) limitations 

1. Data cap restrictions 
   
   Some ISPs enforce data caps. If you exceed these limits, your internet speed might be throttled until the next billing cycle. Understanding your data usage and plan restrictions can help you avoid unexpected slowdowns. Many ISPs offer unlimited data plans, which can be worth considering for heavy internet users. 

2. Bandwidth throttling 
   
   ISPs may intentionally slow down your connection during peak usage times or when you access specific types of content (e.g., streaming or torrenting). Contacting your ISP to discuss alternatives or upgrading to a premium plan can reduce throttling issues. You can also use a Virtual Private Network (VPN) to bypass throttling in some cases. 

3. Network infrastructure 
   
   Older or poorly maintained network infrastructure can limit the speed at which ISPs can deliver, particularly in rural or underserved areas. Advocating for better infrastructure in your area or switching providers may improve your speeds. Collaborating with neighbours to petition for upgrades can sometimes accelerate improvements. 

4. Technical performance constraints 
   
   The capabilities of host servers, network technology standards, and shared network capacity can all impact the speed delivered to end users. ISPs using advanced technologies like DOCSIS 3.1 or fibre optics generally perform better. Ensuring your ISP adheres to modern standards can help mitigate these constraints. 

Recommended troubleshooting strategies  

1. Restart the modem and router 
   
   Power cycling your modem and router can often resolve temporary connection issues and refresh your network settings. This simple step can fix many common problems. For optimal results, consider doing this every few weeks. 

2. Update hardware drivers 
   
   Ensure your device’s network drivers are up to date. Updated drivers can improve compatibility and performance. Many devices offer automated driver updates, making this process easier. Additionally, check for firmware updates for your router to enhance its performance and security. 

3. Scan for malware 
   
   Run regular scans using trusted antivirus software to eliminate malware that could slow down your connection. Preventive measures like enabling firewalls and using secure networks can also help. Some routers also have built-in security features to block malicious traffic. 

4. Limit simultaneous device usage 
   
   Minimise the number of devices connected to your network during peak usage times and limit high-demand activities like streaming or gaming. Prioritising critical devices or applications using your router’s Quality of Service (QoS) settings can ensure optimal performance. Scheduling updates or downloads for off-peak hours can also free up bandwidth. 

5. Consider hardware upgrades 
   
   If your router or network adapter is outdated, consider upgrading to modern, high-performance equipment that supports faster speeds and newer technologies. For example, Wi-Fi 6-enabled routers offer superior performance for multiple connected devices. Investing in Ethernet cables or Powerline adapters can also enhance stability for wired connections. 

Fast internet with Exetel 

If you're tired of dealing with slow internet speeds, consider switching to a reliable ISP like Exetel. Their nbn 500Mbps plan offers consistent high-speed internet with 500Mbps download and 50Mbps upload (Typical Evening Speed 500/40Mbps), ideal for streaming, gaming, and multitasking. With Exetel, you can enjoy seamless connectivity without the frustration of lagging speeds. Their robust customer support and competitive pricing make them a top choice for internet users seeking fast, reliable service. 

Exetel also provides customisable plans for households with varying internet needs, ensuring you only pay for what you use. Their commitment to transparency and quality has made them a trusted name in the industry. 

By identifying the root causes of slow internet speeds and implementing the recommended solutions, you can significantly improve your online experience. Whether it’s upgrading hardware, optimising your setup, or choosing a better ISP, taking proactive steps ensures faster and more reliable internet. Stay informed and take control of your internet to make the most of your online activities.